The Grower’s Guide to Healthy Cannabis Plants: Master Watering, Feeding, Lighting & Terpene Development

Fellow Growers!

The number of times I’ve had questions from customers and growers about what’s wrong with their plants… not to mention how often I’ve found myself scratching my head trying to figure out what my own plants are missing. Let’s go through some of the basics together!


Nailing watering

Sometimes it’s tough to tell if a plant’s overwatered or underwatered—the symptoms can look nearly identical. Here are some basic tips:

  • Leaves limp and swollen? Could be overwatering—roots not getting enough air.

  • Leaves limp but papery? Might be underwatering—transpiration outpaces water uptake.

  • How’s your runoff? Slow to drain? Your medium might be compacted or waterlogged.

Check out this ILGM guide for a full breakdown:
How To Fix Over or Underwatering Your Cannabis Plant

What’s been most common for you all—underwatering or overwatering? My experience with customers definitely leans toward overwatering being far more common.


Feeding without going off the rails

“More nutrients ≠ automatically bigger buds.” Could a steady routine—feed ➜ water ➜ water ➜ feed—keep roots happy?

  • Soil: aim for pH 6.0‑6.8

  • Coco/Hydro: aim for pH 5.8‑6.2

Are y’all keeping track of the EC? Read up on the macros and micros here:
Macro and Micronutrients in Cannabis Cultivation

Do you all stick to the feeding schedule of your nutrients, or do you go by feel? I tend to just go by feel (mostly because I am not organized enough to stick to a schedule).


Light: Too Much, Too Little—and What to Do

Lighting can get tricky. Anyone measuring their DLI (Daily Light Integral)? Here are some simple tips:

  • Leaves tacoing or bleaching out? That’s usually too much light.

  • Plants stretching and looking lanky? Probably too little light.

  • Measuring your canopy with a PAR meter or lux-to-PPFD app? It helps a ton.

Right light levels = stronger plants, better buds.

Do y’all use PAR meters? What’s your experience been?


Aroma & terpenes—yes, they matter

Healthy roots + active microbes = louder, more complex terpenes. Heat stress or humidity swings, especially late flower? Aroma takes a hit.

Keep an eye on VPD (vapor pressure deficit) to help plants stay happy and smell their best.

Have you ever had a late-flower aroma flop? What did you do to fix it?


Helpful ILGM Resources


TL;DR Quick Tips

  • Watering: Limp + swollen = overwatered; limp + papery = underwatered. Always check runoff.

  • Feeding: More nutrients ≠ automatically bigger buds. Feed in a balanced schedule, monitor EC/pH.

  • Lighting: Too much → leaves taco/bleach; too little → plants stretch. Use a PAR meter or app.

  • Aroma/Terpenes: Healthy roots + active microbes = better terps. Watch VPD & avoid heat/humidity swings.

What’s the trickiest issue you’ve had with your plants lately? I got some crappy soil and have been battling with huge amounts of fungus gnats.

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“Good” soil, too. I’m convinced that eggs & larva are often endemic in potting mixes. So once I 86ed them from my enviornment and went hydroponic, they became an unpleasant memory.

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Have you seen this?

Its a plant that’s supposed to attract and catch gnats. (Butterworts)

:thinking:

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Hey Olaf man I’ve never seen more fungus gnats in my life than what I have now. It is insane. I just got a product in the mail yesterday from CX horticulture, it is called t drops. It comes in a 20 ml bottle and is 50 bucks, a little expensive but they say you only need two drops. Cx horticulture hooked me up with a free sample from request. So I’ll be using them today to see how it works. I’ve been dealing with these fungus gnats for over a year but right now it is at its worse. This is the t drops that I just got in


I will let you know how they work in a few days

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the only thing you need to combat fungus gnats is sticky traps. Layer them over the grow media so the vast majority of possible landings are on the sticky trap instead of the soil/media. Also put some on the floor of the tent. In a couple weeks they will all be dead. Source: my own experience with a fox farms fungus gnat resort. Also letting the media dry back can help as well. This assumes of course, that your fungus gnats are coming from inside the tent.

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Honestly, I think my biggest issue I ever had was trying to love them too much- with water! I had to really discipline myself when I started indoors, once I learned they didn’t like wet feet, my grows turned around and got better. I do feed by runoff most time but this grow using the Dust I’ve made, I’ve only checked runoff 4 times and it has been within a tenth of a point PH wise, I’ve never had that kind of stability in a grow. I’ve fed the same EC every time this round and it has ran a tick higher than I normally run, but the dust does contribute to EC, even though it doesn’t affect PH, although it does buffer the media, it doesn’t change PH. Other grows, I would monitor runoff EC and adjust feeds if needed, though I never changed the EC by more than .4, or 200 ppms at a time. Cannabis doesn’t care for big changes, it responds better to small, gradual changes. She will tell you what she wants! Hard to argue with the current results.:oncoming_fist::smiling_face_with_sunglasses::wink:

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Sticky’s work ok for adults, if you want them gone, mosquito bits or dunks on surface or soaked in water, will kill the larvae and break the life cycle.

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Ive found it to be unnecessary, but you will get rid of them faster with dunks.

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Can you suggest a par meter that won’t break the bank?:victory_hand:t3::blush:

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Photon is a free app for a light meter. It has a paid upgrade for full spectrum LED lights, but it’s very cheap. I use an old android phone just for that. I’ve checked it against this IPhone and it’s very close. It has ppfd, DLI, and other readings, plus it lets you choose your lights on time for accurate readings of DLI.

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I had a fungus gnat problem with one grow. I learned not to over water. And to get rid of them I sprayed the soil with neem oil and used this plug in outside the tent.


Cured the problem.

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I found these recommendations (still not cheap though)

  • [VBR‑100 PAR‑meter]: Very budget friendly (~€60-70), basic PAR/PPFD measurement. Good if you just want a tool for occasional checks.

  • [Digital Quantum PAR Meter (Budget)]: Slight step up in cost, decent features.

  • [Quantum PAR‑meter Full‑Spectrum PPFD Tester]: Mid-budget, better precision and full-spectrum sensor.

  • [PAR Lichtmeter Geavanceerde Quantum Sensor]: Similar mid-range option, probably good value.

  • [PAR‑meter Quantum/PPFD‑Meter voor Kweeklampen]: Focused for grow-lighting contexts; good feature set for value.

  • [PHOTOBIO Advanced Quantum PAR Meter]: Upper-mid option (~€180+), more accurate, better build. Reviews show ~5% error margin.

  • [Quantum PAR Meter Waterproof Sensor (High Precision)] Premium build, maybe waterproof sensor, suited for high intensity or multi-zone measurement.

  • [Treegers Quantum PAR Meter]: At the top end of the budget range here; likely good for frequent, serious use.

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It would not let me open an of these . Said it was chat gpt.

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Same here… :man_shrugging:
But, with the make and models mentioned here, it should be easy to Google… :nerd_face:

Here’s the Treeger one:

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I purchased this one. It’s super easy to use. :victory_hand:t3::blush:

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Yeah, sorry, it’s trying to refer you to European sources…Would not recommend importing them :smiling_face_with_tear:

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But like Kap said, you can google the types and find the listings.

Also, anyone use phone apps for PAR readings? They’re obviously not going to be as reliable, but considering they’re far less expensive and can still give somewhat accurate readings they may suffice for a home grow - depending on how exact you want to be with your figures.

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Have you seen this journal @Olaf.ILGM ?

:nerd_face:

Good call Kap. I guess the TL;DR is, yes, phones can be reliable if using the correct diffuser, but, it will differ from phone to phone and even software updates may impact the accuracy of readings.

As with most things in Cannabis cultivation - another wormhole :nerd_face:

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