DIY Calmag questions

Fair warning, I only took 1 high school chemistry course and it was 50 years ago. Might be some dumb questions here!

There are a number of DIY calmag recipes around the web, but I haven’t gotten one to work well. Here’s an example:

Start with calcium carbonite (usually egg shells). Mix with acetic acid (white vinegar) to get calcium acetate, which is water soluble. That’s the calcium part. Use magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) for the magnesium part.

Where I have a problem is the epsom salt. Epsom salt will form magnesium ions and sulfate ions. When you mix this with the calcium acetate solution the calcium ions will bind to the sulfate ions and create a solid that precipitates out. Fail. AFIK this is a problem no matter how you get the calcium.

A possible solution is to do this in two steps. Create a calcium solution and a magnesium solution and apply them separately. Inconvenient, but doable. But for the moment suppose I’d rather create a single supplement.

On Amazon I can buy magnesium carbonate and/or magnesium chloride. These aren’t sold for plant nutrition, but for human therapies. That makes me suspicious that I shouldn’t use them for calmag. But I don’t understand why not.

I believe I could make a calmag from calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, or I could make it from calcium chloride and magnesium chloride. It depends on whether I am more disturbed by extra chloride or acetate ions. Or I could make both and mix them 50-50 to reduce the concentrations of the byproducts (acetate or chloride).

Commercial calmags usually add other things as well. If they source from calcium nitrate they will add nitrogen, for example. Or they could deliberately add other micro nutrients, like iron.
If all I want is calcium and magnesium, is there a reason not to make calmag as I described?

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Make both as acetates (fully compatible). Make the egg base calcium acetate. Then make up magnesium acetate using magnesium oxide or carbonate with vinegar. Mixing the two acetate solutions will not produce CaSO4 because there’s no sulfate present.

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What is the goal/purpose of diy? Asking because If you’re shooting for self sustainability is completely different scenario than cost savings. You can buy relatively off the shelf compounds to satisfy plant needs significantly cheaper than walking into hydro shop or Amazon bottles of cal-mag.

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The chemistry in plain English

When you dissolve Epsom salt (MgSO₄) you get Mg²⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions in solution.

When you dissolve calcium acetate (from eggshells + vinegar) you get Ca²⁺ and acetate⁻ (CH₃COO⁻).

Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ → CaSO₄, and calcium sulfate has limited solubility. At typical concentrations it can (and often will) come out of solution as a solid (gypsum). That’s exactly the “fail” you observed.

In short: sulfate + calcium → possible precipitate depending on concentrations and water chemistry. That problem is independent of whether the sulfate came from Epsom salt or another sulfate source.

Your options (pros/cons)

  1. Make two solutions and apply separately (best reliable fix)

Keep a Ca concentrate and a Mg concentrate separate, then apply them separately or mix only after heavy dilution.

This is exactly what commercial hydroponic nutrient makers do (two-part systems) to avoid precipitation.

PRO: avoids precipitation entirely. CON: slightly more fiddly.

  1. Use soluble chlorides (CaCl₂ and MgCl₂) and mix into one solution

Chloride salts of Ca and Mg are both very soluble, so CaCl₂ + MgCl₂ won’t precipitate CaSO₄ (there’s no sulfate) and you can have a single bottle.

PRO: simple single-bottle calmag, reliable.

CON: adds chloride to your feed — many plants tolerate modest chloride, but sensitive plants (some leafy greens, chloride-sensitive varieties) or high long-term use can cause issues. Also CaCl₂ can be warm to dissolve and is very hygroscopic (store carefully).

  1. Use carbonates (CaCO₃, MgCO₃)

Carbonates are mostly insoluble in neutral water. They only dissolve if you add acid (vinegar, etc.). So they’re not a convenient one-bottle water-soluble supplement unless you deliberately acidify.

PRO: slow release in soil if you use as an amendment (e.g., lime). CON: not for easy soluble stock solutions.

  1. Use acetate (calcium acetate) + chloride magnesium

Calcium acetate is soluble and acetate is generally plant-safe at low levels. Mixing calcium acetate with MgCl₂ is fine (no sulfate to make CaSO₄).

PRO: avoids sulfate precipitation. CON: acetate can affect pH and soil microbes if used concentrated; in small, dilute doses it’s okay.

  1. Buy a commercial chelated product

There are chelated calcium products but calcium is hard to chelate strongly (EDTA works less well for Ca than for Fe). These are pricier but avoid precipitation issues.

  1. Soil amendments instead of soluble solutions

For in-ground garden beds use dolomitic lime (CaCO₃·MgCO₃) or gypsum (CaSO₄) depending on your soil needs. These are slow-release, don’t require mixing, and avoid solution precipitation issues.

Is it OK to use human-grade MgCl₂ or MgCO₃?

Yes — the “human therapy” label just means it’s food/medical grade. Chemically, MgCl₂ or MgCO₃ are the same compounds whether sold as food/medical or horticultural grade. Just watch purity and any additives on the label.

Practical recommendations (what I’d try, in order)

  1. If you want one bottle and simple: buy calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂·2H₂O) and magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) (food grade is fine). Dissolve both in water at a reasonable concentration for a stock solution and dilute to working strength when needed. Store sealed.

Keep concentrations modest; avoid making an extremely concentrated stock that you expect to keep forever (some precipitation can still form over long storage or with impurities).

  1. If you want foolproof and best chemistry practice: make two concentrated stock solutions — one Ca and one Mg (e.g., CaCl₂ stock and MgCl₂ or MgSO₄ stock) — and add them separately when you dilute to your final watering volume. That eliminates any precipitation risk and is what pros do.

  2. If you prefer “natural”/cheap DIY: use the vinegar → eggshell method to make calcium acetate, and use MgCl₂ rather than Epsom salt. That gives soluble Ca and Mg without sulfate. Just be cautious about vinegar leftovers (don’t make it too acidic).

  3. If you’re feeding soil (not hydroponics): consider soil amendments (dolomite, gypsum) rather than soluble calmag — slower but very safe and simple.

Safety & handling notes

Calcium chloride dissolving is exothermic (it releases heat). Add the salt to water slowly and don’t use boiling water.

Measure by weight (a kitchen scale) for consistency.

Keep stock solutions sealed (hygroscopic salts absorb moisture).

Don’t use high concentrations of any salt directly on plants (always dilute to working strength).

A few extra tips

Test your water and soil if you can (EC, pH). High background chloride or sodium can change what’s safe.

If you ever get a white flaky precipitate, it’s probably a sulfate or carbonate salt — toss that concentrate and remake it with a different pairing (or split into two bottles).

For many gardeners, occasional light feeding of a chlorides-based calmag at recommended dilution causes no trouble; problems show up with chronic overuse or in sensitive crops.

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Not really looking for cost savings. Mostly I just wanted to understand potential interactions. AFIK it’s complicated (maybe impossible) to make calmag without getting byproducts. Nitrogen is pretty common. If I DIY I know what it contains.

I started with a balanced set of nutrients. I found out my tap water was unacceptably high in solids (about 600 ppm), so I switched to RO water. That means I should replace some calcium and magnesium that would normally be in tap water. That’s what started me down this path.

I’m not certain I have to do this at all. There is dolomitic lime and gypsum in my media, which could be enough. This is kind of a suspenders and belt thing. Getting a nutrient from multiple sources is helpful. If I mess up something I’m still likely to get a good grow. I just have to keep it below toxic levels when I use multiple sources.

This is a hobby for me. I do frequently do something that is more work than absolutely necessary :). At this point I’ve put some time into this and want to understand it.

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I suspect any of the options you list would work well for me. A couple of points: I’m not applying calmag directly. I am making a concentrate and will put a few ml in a 5 gallon bottle of water before applying.

Since I start with RO water, don’t I have a lot of room to add chlorides without a problem? I would think there are more chlorides in tap water than what I will end up with. I’m pretty sure that’s the case with my tap water. I live near the ocean and although our tap water is considered excellent some salt seems to seep in. That should become sodium and chlorine ions. I assume that would have a lot of chlorine ions. This uncertainty was behind my switch to RO water.

I’ve actually been using Down To Earth solution grade calcium rather than eggshells. This is 100% calcium carbonate pulverized to the point it will stay suspended in water. It won’t dissolve though. I combine that with acetic acid until the acid goes away. I end up with one solution of 10% calcium and one with 3% magnesium. If I combine these in equal amounts I have a 5% calcium, 1.5% magnesium calmag. I put about 9ml of this in a 5 gallon bottle of water (along with other stuff: a potassium silicate solution, base nutrient powder, a micronutrient solution and a ph adjustment). The concentration of calmag in the final solution is pretty low.

Only thing I didn’t get is some of your caveats with the ‘Use carbonates’ choice. I assume I would make a single bottle of calmag using this stuff. I certainly wasn’t going to involve acid every time I prepare a watering solution. Is there a reason not to do that? Does acetate-based calmag have a short shelf life? If so I will definitely switch to the chloride-based choices. The reaction to make calcium acetate from vinegar and calcium carbonate is too slow to do often.

This is kind of a follow on question. I googled chlorides in tap water, and the epa allows up to 250 mg/l which is 250ppm. That’s a lot.

I’m shooting for a 5% calcium solution which I will dilute to about 25 ppm in my watering solution. By my back of the envelope calculations, if I use entirely chloride-based ingredients I might get up to 50 ppm of chloride in my watering solution. That’s low even for tap water.

So my speculation is that I should just use the chloride-based solutions. The level of chlorides should be no problem for me because my watering solution starts as RO water. If my DIY calmag raises the chloride level to 50 ppm, I’m still lower than some tap water.

I’m pretty sure the acetate-based solutions would work as well, but the reaction isn’t all that convenient for me. It tends to bubble a lot and I have to stand over it for a while breaking bubbles so it doesn’t overflow. Calcium chloride and magnesium chloride are easily soluble already so no real reason to use anything else unless the chloride ions are deemed to be a problem. The problem seems unlikely to me.

There are lots of calcium chloride products in farm stores, but I’m using 100% calcium chloride from ClearView. I get that from a pool supply store, but it’s way cheaper. The magnesium chloride I found is ‘Pure Ingredients’ on Amazon. That’s also cheap.

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Are you running organic? Is there a reason behind not just adding gypsum and/or doing a foliar spray to boost the leaves and not the soil?

Should be at the 6.5 range in a week’ish. I’ve made it with eggs, oyster flour, DTE cal96, and crushed coral. I add 10 ml WCA and then I will add my 1/8 tsp Epson on the following watering. Don’t need to overcomplicate this and those levels are well below precipitation

But because the base amendments already in soil add sulfates from gypsum and langbeinite, repeated Ca Mg top ups will gradually increase the soil’s fixed gypsum/sulfate pool. That’s usually harmless, but hasn’t been considered with above AI comments.

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Not organic at all. Early on I wanted to try that but it seemed that things like compost and fish emulsion nutes increased my pest problems. It wasn’t worth it. I’m essentially a ‘salt’ grower. I live on the very sunny west side of Hawaii Island. I grow outside in grow bags using a mix of peat, perlite, vermiculite and amendments. The amendments do include dolomitic lime and gypsum. It’s entirely possible that the calmag is redundant. I started adding calmag along with a switch from tap to RO water.

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